The current situation in Egypt presents a troubling picture of media censorship. The Egyptian government has blocked websites for a number of days, and has expanded its control over courts, ratifying a new law that he can use to make top judicial appointments. The move is seen as a bid to block the promotion of two judges who have rebelled against the regime in court. The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) has condemned the government’s blocking of websites and called for restoring access.
Social media is a platform for marginalized views
In Egypt, social media has become a powerful platform for dissenting and marginalized views. Since the July 2013 uprisings, the media has largely supported the regime’s narrative. Independent, critical voices are virtually nonexistent in mainstream media, and Islamist-affiliated outlets are largely banned. Despite this, social media has remained a safe haven for marginalized voices, providing a space for activists to voice dissenting views and document human rights violations.
As in many countries, social media in Egypt has paved the way for political activism. Many young Egyptians are now actively engaged in political activism through social media. In Egypt, for example, Egyptians created the We Are All Khaled Said page to spread awareness about the case of Khaled Said, a man who was beaten to death by police in Alexandria. His story became a catalyst for the 2011 uprising and subsequent protests.
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As Egypt transitions to democracy, it will need major reforms of its media laws. However, these changes will require political will. The current regime has not taken advantage of this reform opportunity. In addition, it has also marginalized critical voices. Only dissident voices in media can bring about reform, and they need the support of civil society and the masses to do so.
Ahmed is a media expert with a decade of experience in the Arab and Egyptian media sectors. He’s working on introducing an alternative community-based media stream to Egypt and the Arab region. His program, Bashkatib, equips youth in marginalized parts of Egypt with comprehensive media skills to create a community media outlet.
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It can lead to incrimination
In Egypt, media censorship may lead to incrimination. Egyptian media censors are armed with a variety of tools to stifle free speech. Besides blocking foreign media content, they may also ban content deemed to disturb public morals or religion.
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Egypt’s media censorship has become increasingly strict in recent years. The government blocks hundreds of websites, and those who publish them are subject to criminal prosecution. The censorship also affects the rights of journalists. Egypt’s president has passed a law criminalizing the dissemination of false news and rumors. This law has impeded independent reporting on security issues and has left the media paralyzed.
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The Egyptian Criminal Code defines what constitutes a criminal act as publishing content that encourages dishonesty, violating the family, or undermining national values. However, the article lacks specificity, and it contradicts the Constitution’s articles on freedom of expression. Moreover, if an Egyptian court finds that a particular video was published without permission, it may constitute an indictable offense.
A recent case involving a Facebook page accused a young man of promoting debauchery on the site. The prosecution claims that Hossam exploited the financial hardship caused by the Covid-19 pandemic by “inciting” young women to commit immoral acts in order to earn money.
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It is imposed to ensure political stability
Egyptian media censorship laws have a dual effect of increasing the government’s surveillance capabilities and limiting freedom of speech and access to information. Egyptian censors prescreen foreign publications before they are allowed to publish in Egypt. Off-shore papers, which are locally owned and licensed in a foreign country, circumvent these restrictions. However, censors sometimes remove articles or entire issues. In the 1990s, authorities targeted publications such as the Cairo Times and the Middle East Times. Some papers have worked out arrangements with censors and shown proofs of their articles for approval.
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In recent months, Egyptian security forces have increased their campaign of intimidation against political opponents of the regime. The Egyptian government has justified the crackdown as an effort to combat terrorism. It has increasingly invoked the state of emergency law and counterterrorism laws to justify the crackdown.
Egyptian media censorship laws restrict the freedom of speech and expression on social media platforms. A recent case in which a human rights activist was imprisoned for criticizing the government, led to the Egyptian parliament passing a law declaring social media accounts and blogs with more than 5,000 followers to be media outlets. This means that individuals can be prosecuted for promoting fake news or inciting others to break the law. Furthermore, Egyptian authorities have also begun to acquire surveillance technologies that give them significant control over the internet.
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The government is also targeting independent voices, such as journalists and activists. They have banned bloggers, academics, and youth activists from traveling abroad. Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have both condemned these moves as part of a campaign to suppress independent voices in Egypt.
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